Clever Geek Handbook

Écrire un robot de tĂ©lĂ©gramme dans R (partie 3): Comment ajouter la prise en charge du clavier Ă  un bot

Il s'agit du troisiĂšme article de la sĂ©rie "Ecrire un robot de tĂ©lĂ©gramme en langage R". Dans les publications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, nous avons appris Ă  crĂ©er un robot de tĂ©lĂ©gramme, Ă  envoyer des messages via celui-ci, Ă  ajouter des commandes et des filtres de message au bot. Par consĂ©quent, avant de commencer Ă  lire cet article, je vous recommande vivement de vous familiariser avec les prĂ©cĂ©dents , car ici, je ne m'arrĂȘterai pas sur les bases de la construction de robots dĂ©crites prĂ©cĂ©demment.



Dans cet article, nous améliorerons la convivialité de notre bot en ajoutant un clavier qui rendra l'interface du bot intuitive et facile à utiliser.





Tous les articles de la série "Ecrire un robot de télégramme en langage R"



  1. Nous créons un bot et envoyons des messages au télégramme en l'utilisant
  2. Ajouter la prise en charge des commandes et des filtres de messages au bot
  3. Comment ajouter la prise en charge du clavier Ă  votre bot
  4. Construire un dialogue cohérent et logique avec le bot
  5. Gestion des droits des utilisateurs du bot


Contenu



Si vous ĂȘtes intĂ©ressĂ© par l'analyse de donnĂ©es, vous pourriez ĂȘtre intĂ©ressĂ© par mes tĂ©lĂ©grammes et mes chaĂźnes youtube . La plupart du contenu est consacrĂ© au langage R.



  1. Quels types de claviers le robot de télégramme prend-il en charge?
  2. Clavier de réponse
  3. Inline

    3.1. InLine

    3.2. ,

    3.3. , - habr.com




telegram.bot :



  • Reply — , , . , , .
  • Inline — . , , , . CallbackQueryHandler.


, sendMessage(), reply_markup.



.



Reply



, .



Reply 
bot <- Bot(token = "TOKEN")
chat_id <- "CHAT_ID"

# Create Custom Keyboard
text <- "Aren't those custom keyboards cool?"
RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
  keyboard = list(
    list(KeyboardButton("Yes, they certainly are!")),
    list(KeyboardButton("I'm not quite sure")),
    list(KeyboardButton("No..."))
  ),
  resize_keyboard = FALSE,
  one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)

# Send Custom Keyboard
bot$sendMessage(chat_id, text, reply_markup = RKM)


telegram.bot. ReplyKeyboardMarkup(), , KeyboardButton().



ReplyKeyboardMarkup() , ? , , , .. .



resize_keyboard , one_time_keyboard .



, 3 :



  • ID — ID
  • —
  • —


1: Reply 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##    
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(KeyboardButton(" ID")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" ")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" "))
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   id 
chat_id <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0(" id  : ", update$message$chat_id),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

##   
my_name <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0("  ", update$message$from$first_name),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

##   
my_username <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0("  ", update$message$from$username),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

#  
##     ID
MessageFilters$chat_id <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " ID"

}
)

##     
MessageFilters$name <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "

}
)

##     
MessageFilters$username <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "
)

#  
h_start    <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_chat_id  <- MessageHandler(chat_id, filters = MessageFilters$chat_id)
h_name     <- MessageHandler(my_name, filters = MessageFilters$name)
h_username <- MessageHandler(my_username, filters = MessageFilters$username)

#    
updater <- updater + 
            h_start +
            h_chat_id +
            h_name +
            h_username

#   
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

/start, .. .





, , , , .



4 :



  • start —
  • chat_id —
  • my_name —
  • my_username —


MessageFilters 3 , :



  • chat_id — " ID"
  • name — " "
  • username — " "


4 , .



#  
h_start    <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_chat_id  <- MessageHandler(chat_id, filters = MessageFilters$chat_id)
h_name     <- MessageHandler(my_name, filters = MessageFilters$name)
h_username <- MessageHandler(my_username, filters = MessageFilters$username)


start() ReplyKeyboardMarkup().



RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(KeyboardButton(" ID")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" ")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" "))
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)


, , . .. , , :



RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
          KeyboardButton(" ID"),
          KeyboardButton(" "),
          KeyboardButton(" ")
     )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)




sendMessage(), reply_markup.



  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)


Inline



, Inline . .



, Inline .



Inline answerCallbackQuery(), telegram, Inline .



Inline , CallbackQueryHandler().



Inline telegram.bot.



Inline 
# Initialize bot
bot <- Bot(token = "TOKEN")
chat_id <- "CHAT_ID"

# Create Inline Keyboard
text <- "Could you type their phone number, please?"
IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
  inline_keyboard = list(
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(1),
      InlineKeyboardButton(2),
      InlineKeyboardButton(3)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(4),
      InlineKeyboardButton(5),
      InlineKeyboardButton(6)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(7),
      InlineKeyboardButton(8),
      InlineKeyboardButton(9)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton("*"),
      InlineKeyboardButton(0),
      InlineKeyboardButton("#")
    )
  )
)

# Send Inline Keyboard
bot$sendMessage(chat_id, text, reply_markup = IKM)


Inline InlineKeyboardMarkup(), , Reply . InlineKeyboardMarkup() , Inline , InlineKeyboardButton().



Inline - callback_data, - HTML , url.



, Inline , .



Inline .



InLine



covid-19. /test, , .



2: Inline 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#    InLine 
test <- function(bot, update) {

  #  InLine 
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'yes'),
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'no')
      )
    )
  )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#     
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  data <- update$callback_query$data

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  #  
  if ( data == 'no' ) {

    msg <- paste0(uname, ", ,    covid-19 .")

  } else {

    msg <- paste0(uname, ",      covid-19 .")

  }

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
inline_h      <- CommandHandler('test', test)
query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + inline_h + query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



:



  • test — Inline
  • answer_cb — .


, callback_data, . update$callback_query$data, answer_cb.



Inline , answer_cb : CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb). Inline . CallbackQueryHandler :



  • callback —
  • pattern — , callback_data.


pattern :



3: Inline 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#    InLine 
test <- function(bot, update) {  

  #  InLine 
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'yes'),
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'no')
      )
    )
  )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#      
answer_cb_yes <- function(bot, update) {

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  #  
  msg <- paste0(uname, ",      covid-19 .")

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#      
answer_cb_no <- function(bot, update) {

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  msg <- paste0(uname, ", ,    covid-19 .")

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
inline_h          <- CommandHandler('test', test)
query_handler_yes <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_yes, pattern = 'yes')
query_handler_no  <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_no, pattern = 'no')

#    
updater <- updater + 
            inline_h + 
            query_handler_yes +
            query_handler_no

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

2 , .. , , pattern, :



query_handler_yes <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_yes, pattern = 'yes')
query_handler_no  <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_no, pattern = 'no')


answer_cb bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id), , inline .



,



, .



. /start , "". Inline , , . , .



:





4: , 
library(telegram.bot)
library(httr)
library(stringr)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##     
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
        KeyboardButton("")
      )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = TRUE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   Inine 
weather <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'New York,us'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '-', callback_data = 'Saint Petersburg'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '-', callback_data = 'New York')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Yekaterinburg,ru'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Berlin,de'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Paris,fr')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Rome,it'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Odessa,ua'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Kyiv,fr')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Tokyo'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Amsterdam,nl'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Washington,us')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#    
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  city <- update$callback_query$data

  #  
  ans <- GET('https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather', 
             query = list(q     = city,
                          lang  = 'ru',
                          units = 'metric',
                          appid = '4776568ccea136ffe4cda9f1969af340')) 

  #  
  result <- content(ans)

  #  
  msg <- str_glue("{result$name} :\n",
                  " : {result$main$temp}\n",
                  " : {result$wind$speed}\n",
                  ": {result$weather[[1]]$description}")

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text    = msg)

  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
##    
MessageFilters$weather <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == ""

}
)

#  
h_start         <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_weather       <- MessageHandler(weather, filters = MessageFilters$weather)
h_query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + 
              h_start +
              h_weather +
              h_query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



:



3 , :



  • start —
  • weather — Inline
  • answer_cb — , API , .


start /start, CommandHandler('start', start).



weather :



#  
##    
MessageFilters$weather <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == ""

}
)


: MessageHandler(weather, filters = MessageFilters$weather).



, answer_cb Inline , : CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb).



answer_cb, city: city <- update$callback_query$data. API , , answerCallbackQuery , , , Inline .



, - habr.com.



, , Inline .



, /start. 6 , , 5 .



, , habR, R.



habR github, devtools. .



install.packages('devtools')
devtools::install_github('selesnow/habR')


:



5: 
library(telegram.bot)
library(habR)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##     
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
        KeyboardButton(" ")
      )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = TRUE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   Inine 
habs <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'R', callback_data = 'R'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Mining', callback_data = 'data_mining'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Engineering', callback_data = 'data_engineering')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Big Data', callback_data = 'bigdata'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Python', callback_data = 'python'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = ' ', callback_data = 'data_visualization')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#    
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  hub <- update$callback_query$data

  #   ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id, 
                          text = '  ,  ') 

  #   ,       
  mid <- bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                         text    = "   ,      ")

  #  
  posts <- head(habr_hub_posts(hub, 1), 5)

  #    ,   
  bot$deleteMessage(update$from_chat_id(), mid$message_id) 

  #   
  keys <- lapply(1:5, function(x) list(InlineKeyboardButton(posts$title[x], url = posts$link[x])))

  #  
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard =  keys 
    )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text    = paste0("5      ", hub),
                  reply_markup = IKM)

}

#  
##    
MessageFilters$hubs <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "

}
)

#  
h_start         <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_hubs          <- MessageHandler(habs, filters = MessageFilters$hubs)
h_query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + 
  h_start +
  h_hubs  +
  h_query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



, habs:



##   Inine 
habs <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'R', callback_data = 'r'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Mining', callback_data = 'data_mining'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Engineering', callback_data = 'data_engineering')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Big Data', callback_data = 'bigdata'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Python', callback_data = 'python'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = ' ', callback_data = 'data_visualization')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}


habr_hub_posts(), habR. , , 20 . head() 5 , .



  #  
  posts <- head(habr_hub_posts(hub, 1), 5)


, Inline lapply().



  #   
  keys <- lapply(1:5, function(x) list(InlineKeyboardButton(posts$title[x], url = posts$link[x])))

  #  
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard =  keys 
    )


posts$title[x], url : url = posts$link[x].



, , .





, , , . .



, .



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