Bonjour habr! Récemment, j'ai remarqué qu'il y avait très peu de tutoriels permettant au public russophone d'entrer dans le monde de la blockchain et de s'y développer. J'ai décidé de partager un article sur les contrats intelligents sur Ethereum. Cet article m'a déjà beaucoup aidé, à me plonger dans le monde de la blockchain et à y développer des contrats intelligents. L'article original sur ce lien .
Vous avez peut-être entendu parler des enchères où vous pouvez acheter et vendre des choses. Bien que cela soit très pratique, les vendeurs coûtent environ 10% de leurs revenus pour payer des frais de maintenance à la société de gestion des enchères.
Si une entreprise triche certaines transactions elle-même et est payée, comment savoir si vous avez été trompé?
C'est là que l'installation décentralisée est la solution optimale.
S'il n'y a pas de tiers, les vendeurs peuvent gagner plus en toute sécurité.
Liste des fonctionnalités
Créer une enchère
Placer un pari
Fin de la vente aux enchères
Outils
Contrat intelligent Solidity , Remix , Metamask
Un frontend Web3.js , Vue.js , Vieux-Klee , boostrap-vu
Conditions préalables
Github
, :
https://github.com/openberry-ac/Auction
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Ethereum, Solidity , , -.
Remix AuctionBox.sol :
// AuctionBox.sol
// We will be using Solidity version 0.5.3
pragma solidity 0.5.3;
// Importing OpenZeppelin's SafeMath Implementation
import "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol";
contract AuctionBox{
Auction[] public auctions;
function createAuction (
string memory _title,
uint _startPrice,
string memory _description
) public{
// set the new instance
Auction newAuction = new Auction(msg.sender, _title, _startPrice, _description);
// push the auction address to auctions array
auctions.push(newAuction);
}
function returnAllAuctions() public view returns(Auction[] memory){
return auctions;
}
}
contract Auction {
using SafeMath for uint256;
address payable private owner;
string title;
uint startPrice;
string description;
enum State{Default, Running, Finalized}
State public auctionState;
uint public highestPrice;
address payable public highestBidder;
mapping(address => uint) public bids;
/** @dev constructor to creat an auction
* @param _owner who call createAuction() in AuctionBox contract
* @param _title the title of the auction
* @param _startPrice the start price of the auction
* @param _description the description of the auction
*/
constructor(
address payable _owner,
string memory _title,
uint _startPrice,
string memory _description
) public {
// initialize auction
owner = _owner;
title = _title;
startPrice = _startPrice;
description = _description;
auctionState = State.Running;
}
modifier notOwner(){
require(msg.sender != owner);
_;
}
/** @dev Function to place a bid
* @return true
*/
function placeBid() public payable notOwner returns(bool) {
require(auctionState == State.Running);
require(msg.value > 0);
// update the current bid
// uint currentBid = bids[msg.sender] + msg.value;
uint currentBid = bids[msg.sender].add(msg.value);
require(currentBid > highestPrice);
// set the currentBid links with msg.sender
bids[msg.sender] = currentBid;
// update the highest price
highestPrice = currentBid;
highestBidder = msg.sender;
return true;
}
function finalizeAuction() public{
//the owner and bidders can finalize the auction.
require(msg.sender == owner || bids[msg.sender] > 0);
address payable recipiant;
uint value;
// owner can get highestPrice
if(msg.sender == owner){
recipiant = owner;
value = highestPrice;
}
// highestBidder can get no money
else if (msg.sender == highestBidder){
recipiant = highestBidder;
value = 0;
}
// Other bidders can get back the money
else {
recipiant = msg.sender;
value = bids[msg.sender];
}
// initialize the value
bids[msg.sender] = 0;
recipiant.transfer(value);
auctionState = State.Finalized;
}
/** @dev Function to return the contents od the auction
* @return the title of the auction
* @return the start price of the auction
* @return the description of the auction
* @return the state of the auction
*/
function returnContents() public view returns(
string memory,
uint,
string memory,
State
) {
return (
title,
startPrice,
description,
auctionState
);
}
}
. , , «AuctionBox», !
, , AuctionBox.
Remix Ropsten.
, , Remix: AuctionBox .
!
createAuction .
returnAllAuctions !
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# git clone the project template
git clone -b boilerplate --single-branch https://github.com/openberry-ac/Auction.git
# go inside the folder
cd Auction
# install packages needed in the web application
npm install
# install web3, this is for connecting the contract
npm install -s web3@1.0.0-beta.37
# To run the app
npm run dev
web3.js
web3.js , :
// web3.js
import Web3 from 'web3';
if (window.ethereum) {
window.web3 = new Web3(ethereum);
try {
// Request account access if needed
ethereum.enable();
} catch (error) {
// User denied account access...
}
} else if (window.web3) { // Legacy dapp browsers...
window.web3 = new Web3(web3.currentProvider);
} else { // Non-dapp browsers...
console.log('Non-Ethereum browser detected. You should consider trying MetaMask!');
}
console.log(web3);
export default web3;
, web3
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MetaMask , . «» :
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ABI - , -. ABI, Remix , Compile ABI Details, :
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ABI ABI.
, AuctionBoxInstance.js AuctionInstance.js e contracts, ABI «s , :
//AuctionBoxInstance.js
import web3 from './web3';
const address = ''// THE CONTRACT ADDRESS
const abi = []// THE ABI
const instance = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, address);
export default instance;
// AuctionInstance.js
import web3 from './web3';
const abi = []// THE ABI
// Here is just only abi because we haven't created auction yet.
export default (address) => {
const instance = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, address);
return instance;
};
, , . , , . App.vue src !
beforeMount
, .
// App.vue
beforeMount() {
// get auctionBox method: returnAllAuctions()
auctionBox.methods
.returnAllAuctions()
.call()
.then((auctions) => {
console.log(auctions);
// set the amount of auctions
this.amount = auctions.length;
});
},
, , .
// App.vue
createAuction() {
// get accounts
web3.eth.getAccounts().then((accounts) => {
// convert 'ether' to 'wei'
const startPrice = web3.utils.toWei(this.startPrice, 'ether');
// createAuction in AuctionBox contract
this.isLoad = true;
return auctionBox.methods.createAuction(this.title, startPrice, this.description)
.send({ from: accounts[0] });
}).then(() => {
// initialize forms
this.isLoad = false;
this.title = '';
this.startPrice = '';
this.description = '';
// get the previous auction
return auctionBox.methods.returnAllAuctions().call();
}).then((auctions) => {
const index = auctions.length - 1;
console.log(auctions[index]);
// get the contract address of the previous auction
this.auctionAddress = auctions[index];
// set the address as the parameter
const auctionInstance = auction(auctions[index]);
return auctionInstance.methods.returnContents().call();
})
.then((lists) => {
console.log(lists);
const auctionlists = lists;
// convert 'wei' to 'ether'
auctionlists[1] = web3.utils.fromWei(auctionlists[1], 'ether');
this.auctionCard = auctionlists;
// show up the auction at the bottom of the page
this.isShow = true;
this.amount += 1;
})
.catch((err) => {
console.log(err);
});
},
, .
// App.vue
handleSubmit() {
// convert 'ether' to 'wei'
const bidPriceWei = web3.utils.toWei(this.bidPrice, 'ether');
// get the wallet adddress
const fromAddress = web3.eth.accounts.givenProvider.selectedAddress;
// set the address as the parameter
const selectedAuction = auction(this.auctionAddress);
this.isBid = true;
// placeBid in Auction contract
selectedAuction.methods
.placeBid()
.send({
from: fromAddress,
value: bidPriceWei,
})
.then(() => {
this.isBid = false;
// increase the number of bidders
this.bidders += 1;
this.bidPrice = '';
});
},
, .
// App.vue
handleFinalize() {
// get accounts
web3.eth.getAccounts().then((accounts) => {
// set the address as the parameter
const selectedAuction = auction(this.auctionAddress);
this.isFin = true;
// finalizeAuction in Auction contract
selectedAuction.methods
.finalizeAuction()
.send({ from: accounts[0] })
.then(() => {
this.isFin = false;
this.finalizeStatus = 'finalized';
});
});
},
Remix, .
9 , :
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, - web3.js. , Vue.js, .
Alors, quelle est la prochaine étape?
Vous voudrez peut-être ajouter une logique pour la "date limite", car c'est important dans une vraie application d'enchères. Nous l'avons sauté pour l'instant pour éviter la complexité et réduire le temps, mais si vous voulez essayer de le construire, cela vous aidera beaucoup .
Si vous avez besoin du code complet pour ce didacticiel, vous pouvez le consulter ici.