Android Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) - Cuisinez bien, partie 4 (liaison)

Contenu





Partie # 1 (numérisation)





Partie # 2 (connexion / déconnexion)





Partie # 3 (lecture / écriture)





Partie # 4 (liaison), vous êtes ici





Dans l'  article précédent,  nous avons compris les opérations de lecture / écriture, activer / désactiver les notifications et les commandes de file d'attente. Dans cet article, nous parlerons d'  appairer des appareils  ( Note du traducteur - j'utiliserai plus loin le terme «collage» ).





Collage

Certains appareils nécessitent une liaison pour fonctionner correctement. Techniquement, cela signifie que les clés de chiffrement sont générées, échangées et stockées pour un échange de données sécurisé. Lors du démarrage de la procédure de liaison, Android peut demander à l'utilisateur son consentement, son code PIN ou sa phrase de passe. Lors des prochaines connexions, Android sait déjà que l'appareil est couplé et que les clés de chiffrement sont échangées secrètement sans intervention de l'utilisateur. L'utilisation de la liaison rend la connexion à l'appareil plus sécurisée car la connexion est cryptée.





bonding Google, , bonding.  createBond()



. , iOS  CoreBluetooth



  !  createBond()



? , , bonding, . Bluetooth , – bonding. . , , , .





bonding:





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    . iOS.





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    . , iOS, . Bluetooth .





.





Bonding

bonding ,  onConnectionStateChange



  bonding  BOND_BONDING



. bonding   ,  discoverServices()



, bonding ! .  onConnectionStateChanged



:





// Take action depending on the bond state
if(bondstate == BOND_NONE || bondstate == BOND_BONDED) {
    // Connected to device, now proceed to discover it's services
    ... 
} else if (bondstate == BOND_BONDING) {
    // Bonding process has already started let it complete
    Log.i(TAG, "waiting for bonding to complete");
}
      
      



, bonding,  BroadcastReceiver



   ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED



   connectGatt



. bonding.





context.registerReceiver(bondStateReceiver, 
                        new IntentFilter(ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED));
private final BroadcastReceiver bondStateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        final String action = intent.getAction();
        final BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

        // Ignore updates for other devices
        if (bluetoothGatt == null || !device.getAddress().equals(bluetoothGatt.getDevice().getAddress()))
            return;

        // Check if action is valid
        if(action == null) return;

        // Take action depending on new bond state
        if (action.equals(ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) {
            final int bondState = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_BOND_STATE, ERROR);
            final int previousBondState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_BOND_STATE, -1);

            switch (bondState) {
                case BOND_BONDING:
                    // Bonding started
                    ...
                    break;
                case BOND_BONDED:
                    // Bonding succeeded
                    ...
                    break;
                case BOND_NONE:
                    // Oh oh
                    ...
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
};
      
      



bonding, (service discovery), , :





case BOND_BONDED:
    // Bonding succeeded
    Log.d(TAG, "bonded");

    // Check if there are services
    if(bluetoothGatt.getServices().isEmpty()) {
        // No services discovered yet
        bleHandler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Log.d(TAG, String.format("discovering services of '%s'", getName()));
                boolean result = bluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
                if (!result) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "discoverServices failed to start");
                }
            }
        });
    }
      
      



, bonding .





Bonding /

bonding / , /  GATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION



. Android-6, 7  onCharacteristicRead



/onCharacteristicWrite



, bonding Android. Android-8 Android bonding. Android-6, 7 / . , bonding.





, :





public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
    // Perform some checks on the status field
    if (status != GATT_SUCCESS) {
        if (status == GATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION ) {
            // Characteristic encrypted and needs bonding,
            // So retry operation after bonding completes
            // This only happens on Android 5/6/7
            Log.w(TAG, "read needs bonding, bonding in progress");
            return;
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, String.format(Locale.ENGLISH,"ERROR: Read failed for characteristic: %s, status %d", characteristic.getUuid(), status));
            completedCommand();
            return;
        }
    }
...
      
      



bonding , :





case BOND_BONDED:
    // Bonding succeeded
    Log.d(TAG, "bonded");

    // Check if there are services
    ...
    // If bonding was triggered by a read/write, we must retry it
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
        if (commandQueueBusy && !manuallyBonding) {
            bleHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    Log.d(TAG, "retrying command after bonding");
                    retryCommand();
                }
            }, 50);
        }
    }
      
      



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,  createBond



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bonding

Android, Bluetooth . , bonding .





.





, bonding . ,  removeBond()



, Java:





try {
    Method method = device.getClass().getMethod("removeBond", (Class[]) null);
    result = (boolean) method.invoke(device, (Object[]) null);
    if (result) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Successfully removed bond");
    }
    return result;
} catch (Exception e) {
    Log.e(TAG, "ERROR: could not remove bond");
    e.printStackTrace();
    return false;
}
      
      



bonding

BLE bonding . , bonding :





  • bonding





  • B bonding





  • , bonding .





bonding BOND_NONE



   BroadcastReceiver



. bonding, :





case BOND_NONE:
    if(previousBondState == BOND_BONDING) {
       // Bonding failed
       ...
    } else {
       // Bond lost
       ...
    }
    disconnect();
    break;
      
      



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, . bonding,     , Bluetooth . bonding, Android , , . .





Pairing

. : «pairing», «» - .





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Pairing :





  • ;





  • ;





  • « »;





  • Bluetooth .





«»   60 . ,   . , , . , . UI -! () ! Samsung - ( JustWorks) , . PIN- . . !





, , , . , . :





public void startPairingPopupHack() {
    String manufacturer = Build.MANUFACTURER;
    if(!manufacturer.equals("samsung")) {
        bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();

        callBackHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Log.d(TAG, "popup hack completed");
                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            }
        }, 1000);
    }
}
      
      



– BLE . .





, bonding !





BLE Android (. : -, BLE Android, ). BLE . BLE, . !





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