L'utilitaire tcpdump est un excellent outil de ligne de commande capable d'intercepter et d'analyser le trafic réseau. Peut être d'une grande aide pour résoudre les problèmes de réseau. Les packages peuvent être enregistrés dans un fichier et analysés ultérieurement. Il est recommandé d'exécuter cet utilitaire de temps en temps pour surveiller votre réseau.
Contenu:
- Sortie Tcpdump
- Installation de tcpdump
- Options de TCPDump
- tcpdump:
tcpdump
tcpdump TCP/IP . , Ctrl + C.
:
20:58:26.765637 IP 10.0.0.50.80 > 10.0.0.1.53181: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 2, win 453, options [nop,nop,TS val 3822939 ecr 249100129], length 0
:
- Unix (20: 58: 26.765637)
- (IP)
- IP- (10.0.0.50.80)
- IP- (10.0.0.1.53181)
- TCP (Flags [F.]). :
- o S — SYN.
- F — FIN.
- — ACK.
- P — PUSH.
- R — RST.
- . (seq 1)
- . (ack 2)
- (win 453). , . TCP
- . (length 0)
tcpdump
Debian tcpdump APT:
# apt install tcpdump -y
RPM tcpdump YUM:
# yum install tcpdump -y
RHEL 8 DNF:
# dnf install tcpdump -y
tcpdump
tcpdump root. Tcpdump . tcpdump - , .
, tcpdump :
# tcpdump -D
# tcpdump --list-interfaces
1.eth0 2.nflog (Linux netfilter log (NFLOG) interface) 3.nfqueue (Linux netfilter queue (NFQUEUE) interface) 4.eth1 5.any (Pseudo-device that captures on all interfaces) 6.lo [Loopback]
, .
, , -i . , tcpdump .
# tcpdump -i eth1
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 01:06:09.278817 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 4761, seq 1, length 64 01:06:09.279374 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 4761, seq 1, length 64 01:06:10.281142 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 4761, seq 2, length 64
- -v
- -vv
tcpdump IP- , .
- -n DNS , tcpdump .
# tcpdump –n
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 04:19:07.675216 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 2186733178:2186733278, ack 204106815, win 37232, length 100 04:19:07.675497 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 100, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.675747 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 100:136, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 04:19:07.675902 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 136, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.676142 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 136:236, ack 1, win 37232, length 100
- -c , , 5:
#tcpdump -c 5
04:19:07.675216 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 2186733178:2186733278, ack 204106815, win 37232, length 100 04:19:07.675497 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 100, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.675747 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 100:136, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 04:19:07.675902 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 136, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.676142 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 136:236, ack 1, win 37232, length 100 5 packets captured
- -tttt ( Unix)
# tcpdump –tttt
2020-07-06 04:30:12.203638 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 2186734102:2186734138, ack 204107103, win 37232, length 36 2020-07-06 04:30:12.203910 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 36, win 65535, length 0 2020-07-06 04:30:12.204292 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 36:72, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 2020-07-06 04:30:12.204524 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 72, win 65535, length 0 2020-07-06 04:30:12.204658 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 72:108, ack 1, win 37232, length 36
tcpdump
, . , .
:
- port
- host
- src
- dst
- tcp
- udp
- icmp
, :
# tcpdump -i eth1 -c 5 port 80
23:54:24.978612 IP 10.0.0.1.53971 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [SEW], seq 53967733, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 256360128 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:54:24.978650 IP 10.0.0.50.80 > 10.0.0.1.53971: Flags [S.E], seq 996967790, ack 53967734, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 5625522 ecr 256360128,nop,wscale 6], length 0 23:54:24.978699 IP 10.0.0.1.53972 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [SEW], seq 226341105, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 256360128 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:54:24.978711 IP 10.0.0.50.80 > 10.0.0.1.53972: Flags [S.E], seq 1363851389, ack 226341106, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 5625522 ecr 256360128,nop,wscale 6], length 0
, . , IP- 10.0.2.15:
# tcpdump host 10.0.2.15
03:48:06.087509 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50225: Flags [P.], seq 3862934963:3862934999, ack 65355639, win 37232, length 36 03:48:06.087806 IP 10.0.2.2.50225 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 36, win 65535, length 0 03:48:06.088087 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50225: Flags [P.], seq 36:72, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 03:48:06.088274 IP 10.0.2.2.50225 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 72, win 65535, length 0 03:48:06.088440 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50225: Flags [P.], seq 72:108, ack 1, win 37232, length 36
. , icmp, eth1:
# tcpdump -i eth1 icmp
04:03:47.408545 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 2812, seq 75, length 64 04:03:47.408999 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 2812, seq 75, length 64 04:03:48.408697 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 2812, seq 76, length 64 04:03:48.409208 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 2812, seq 76, length 64 04:03:49.411287 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 2812, seq 77, length 64
:
- AND
- OR
- NOT
, . , IP- :
# tcpdump -n -i eth1 src 10.0.0.1 and dst port 80
00:18:17.155066 IP 10.0.0.1.54222 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [F.], seq 500773341, ack 2116767648, win 4117, options [nop,nop,TS val 257786173 ecr 5979014], length 0 00:18:17.155104 IP 10.0.0.1.54225 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [S], seq 904045691, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 257786173 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 00:18:17.157337 IP 10.0.0.1.54221 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [P.], seq 4282813257:4282813756, ack 1348066220, win 4111, options [nop,nop,TS val 257786174 ecr 5979015], length 499: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 00:18:17.157366 IP 10.0.0.1.54225 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [.], ack 1306947508, win 4117, options [nop,nop,TS val 257786174 ecr 5983566], length 0
ICMP, NOT:
# tcpdump -i eth1 not icmp
tcpdump . -w. .pcap.
10 eth1 icmp.pcap.
# tcpdump -i eth1 -c 10 -w icmp.pcap
tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel
-r
# tcpdump -i eth1 -c 10 -w icmp.pcap
reading from file icmp.pcap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) 05:33:20.852732 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 3261, seq 33, length 64 05:33:20.853245 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 3261, seq 33, length 64 05:33:21.852586 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 3261, seq 34, length 64 05:33:21.853104 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 3261, seq 34, length 64 05:33:22.852615 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 3261, seq 35, length 64
, -A. ASCII.
-X , , , .
# tcpdump -c10 -i eth1 -n -A port 80
23:35:53.109306 IP 10.0.0.1.53916 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [P.], seq 2366590408:2366590907, ack 175457677, win 4111, options [nop,nop,TS val 255253117 ecr 5344866], length 499: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 E..'..@.@.%. ... ..2...P..M. uE............ .6.}.Q.bGET / HTTP/1.1 Host: 10.0.0.50 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9 If-Modified-Since: Tue, 04 Mar 2014 11:46:45 GMT
tcpdump . :
tcpdump .
